|
Art Education for Primary School Students in Iraq and Russia
DOI: 10.23951/2782-2575-2025-1-5-18
This article examines the characteristics of art education for primary school students in Iraq and Russia. The study aims to identify the traditions, characteristics, content, and methods of teaching art in primary schools in the two countries. Art education in Russia has a long tradition based on pedagogical and psychological research. In Russia, there is a unified curriculum for teaching art, but in Iraq, there is no unified program for all schools, so teachers can create or choose their own curricula. The Russian art education program has a secular character. It introduces students to the art world and combines creative teaching with exposure to fine art masterpieces. A battle between secular and religious educational trends has been taking place in Iraq for years. Islamic influences are evident in many schools, where traditional art forms such as ornamentation and calligraphy are emphasized. Nevertheless, Western traditions play an important role in training visual arts teachers. Iraqi teachers and artists are reinterpreting Islamic art traditions in a contemporary framework, expanding their reach and potential.
Ключевые слова: teaching art in primary school, cultural traditions of Russia and Iraq, programs for teaching art in primary school, deficits in art education
Библиография:
1. Melik-Pashaev A.A., Novlyanskaya Z.N. Psikhologiya khudozhestvennogo tvorchestva. Razvitie khudozhestvennykh sposobnostei detei v prostranstve obshcheobrazovatel'noi shkoly: uchebnoe posobie dlya srednikh i vysshikh pedagogicheskikh uchebnykh uchrezhdenii [Psychology of artistic creativity. Development of children’s artistic abilities in the space of a comprehensive school: a textbook for secondary and higher pedagogical educational institutions]. Moscow: Moscow State University Publ., 2022: 239 p. (in Russian).
2. Nemenskii B.M., Polyakova I.B., Sapozhnikova T.B. Osobennosti obucheniya shkol'nikov po programme B.M. Nemenskogo “Izobrazitel'noe iskusstvo i khudozhestvennyi trud”: lektsii 1–4 [Features of teaching schoolchildren according to the B.M. program Nemensky “Fine art and artistic work”: lectures 1–4]. Moscow, Pedagogicheskii universitet “Pervoe sentyabrya” Publ., 2007. 124 p. (in Russian).
3. UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). Road Map for Arts Education: The World Conference on Arts Education: Building creative capacities for the 21st century / UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). URL: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000384200 (Accessed April 8 2024).
4. Mezentseva Yu.I., Rudnev I.Yu. O sovremennykh obrazovatel'nykh programmakh po izobrazitel'nomu iskusstvu [About modern educational programs in fine arts]. Pravo i praktika – Law and practice. 2017;2:204-214 (in Russian). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=29364439 (Accessed 8 April 2024)
5. Nemenskiy B.M. (ed.) Izobrazitel'noe iskusstvo. Sbornik primernykh rabochikh program [Art. Collection of sample work programs]. Moscow, Prosveshchenie Publ., 2020:304 p. (in Russian).
6. Husseien Ismail Husseien Al-Hargani. Vliyanie kul’turnykh traditsii na khudozhestvennoe obrazovanie shkol’nikov Iraka i Rossii [The influence of cultural traditions on the art education of schoolchildren in Iraq and Russia]. In: Materialy konferentsii “Vyzovy sovremennosti i strategii razvitiya obshchestva v usloviyakh novoi real’nosti” [Proceedings of the conference “Challenges of our time and strategies for the development of society in the new reality”]. Moscow, Alef Publ., 2023:30-34 (in Russian).
7. Gur’yanova I.V. Sovremennye kontseptsii prepodavaniya izobrazitel’nogo iskusstva v nachal’noi shkole [Modern concepts of teaching fine arts in primary school]. Vestnik Kostromskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. N.A.Nekrasova. Seria: Pedagogika. Psikhologiya. Sotsial’naya rabota. Yuvenologiya. Sotsiokinetika. – Bulletin of Kostroma State University. N.A. Nekrasova. Series: Pedagogy. Psychology. Social work. Juvenology. Sociokinetics. 2009;4(15):5-42 (in Russian). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=15188911&ysclid=lupvlz7x1c393409817 (Accessed 08.04.2024)
8. Different Cultural Traditions Around the World. Tomedes tomedes. URL: https://www.tomedes.com/translator–hub/24–cultural–traditions–around–world (Accessed 08.04.2024).
9. Garber E. Teaching Art in the Context of Culture: A Study in the Borderlands. Studies in Art Education. 1995;36:218-232 (in Russian).
10. Glossary of Arts and Education Terms. Grantmakers in the art. URL: https://www.giarts.org/article/glossary–arts–and–education–terms (Accessed 08.04.2024)
11. Salam S. Promoting Cultural Identity Through Arts Education: The Indonesian Context. In: 1st International Conference on Language, Literature, and Arts Education (ICLLAE 2019). Atlantis Press, 2020:460-463.
12. Allison B. The Relationship between Child Arts and Their Cultural Foundations. The Journal of Aesthetic Education. 1980;14:59-79.
13. Rasheed Q.H. The Importance of cultural heritage in Iraq. World heritage review. 2015:4-7.
14. Al'-Basiuni Makhmud. Iskusstvo dvadtsatogo veka. Dar Al'-Maaref [Twentieth Century Art, Dar Al-Maaref]. 1983. (in Arabic).
15. Makhdi A.S. Dialektika traditsionnogo i novatorskogo v iskusstve sovremennogo Iraka [Dialectics of traditional and innovative in the art of modern Iraq]. Vestnik Dagestanskogo nauchnogo tsentra RAN – Bulletin of the Dagestan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2013;49:126-129 (in Russian). https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=21175762 (Accessed 8 April 2024).
16. Al'-Dzhazaeri M.K. Traditsii v sisteme khudozhestvennogo obrazovaniya v Irake [Traditions in the art education system in Iraq]. Sibirskiy pedagogicheskiy zhurnal – Siberian Pedagogical Journal. 2023;3:36-45 (in Russian). doi: 10.15293/1813-4718.2303.04
17. Guruzhapov V.A. Problema formirovaniya zamysla syuzhetnykh risunkov mladshikh shkol’nikov (kommentarii k stat’e Yu.A. Poluyanova) [The problem of forming the concept of plot drawings of primary school students (comments on the article by Yu.A. Poluyanov)]. Kul’turno-istoricheskaya psikhologiya – Cultural-Historical Psychology. 2018;3(14):114-118 (in Russian). doi: 10.17759/chp.2018140311
18. Poluyanov Yu.A. Diagnostika obshchego i khudozhestvennogo razvitiya detei po ikh risunkam: posobie dlya shkol’nykh psikhologov [Diagnosis of the general and artistic development of children based on their drawings: a manual for school psychologists]. Moscow; Riga, Eksperiment Publ., 2000:160 p. (in Russian).
19. Poluyanov Yu.A. Vzaimodeistvie uchitelya i uchenikov v situatsiyakh spontannogo proyavleniya uchebnoi samostoyatel’nosti mladshikh shkol’nikov na zanyatiyakh izobrazitel’nym iskusstvom v sisteme razvivayushchego obucheniya [Interaction between teacher and students in situations of spontaneous manifestation of educational independence of junior schoolchildren in fine arts classes in the system of developmental education]. Kul’turno-istoricheskaya psikhologiya – Cultural-Historical Psychology. 2018;3(14):101-113 (in Russian). doi: 10.17759/chp.2018140310
20. Melik-Pashaev A.A. et al. Psikhologiya odarennosti: khudozhestvennaya odarennost’ [Psychology of giftedness: artistic giftedness]. Moscow, MIOO Publ., 2005. 125 p. (in Russian).
21. Prikaz Minkul'tury RF ot 28.12.2001 N 1403 “O kontseptsii khudozhestvennogo obrazovaniya v Rossiiskoi FederatsiI” [Order of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation dated 12/28/2001 No. 1403 “On the concept of art education in the Russian Federation”]. URL: https://legalacts.ru/doc/prikaz-minkultury-rf-ot-28122001-n-1403/?ysclid=m4731manz3549204898 (Accessed 2 December 2014) (in Russian).
22. Melik-Pashaev A.A., Novlyanskaya Z.N. (eds) Khudozhestvennaya odarennost' i ee razvitie v shkol'nye gody. Metodicheskoe posobie [Artistic talent and its development in school years. Methodical manual]. Moscow, Psychological Institute of Russian Academy of Education Publ., 2010:278 p. (in Russian).
23. Gur’yanova I.V. Didakticheskie i metodicheskie osnovy prepodavaniya izobrazitel’nogo iskusstva v nachal’noi shkole [Didactic and methodological foundations of teaching fine arts in primary schools]. Kostroma, Kostroma State University Publ., 2006:40 p. (in Russian).
24. Al'–Mokhammedavi Khaitam Saad Khasan. Osnovaniya Islama v razvitii khudozhestvennogo tvorchestva uchashchikhsya nachal'noi shkoly v Irake [Foundations of Islam in the development of artistic creativity of primary school students in Iraq]. In: Nauchnyi forum: pedagogika i psikhologiya: Sbornik statei po materialam X mezhdunarodnoi zaochnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii [Collection of articles based on the materials of the X International Correspondence Scientific and Practical Conference]. Moscow, Mezhdunarodniy tsentr nauki i obrazovaniya Publ., 2017;8(10): 26-38 (in Russian). https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=29837886 (Accessed 08.04.2024).
25. Ibragim i Fauzi. Uchebnye programmy i metody prepodavaniya khudozhestvennogo obrazovaniya [Art Education Curricula and Teaching Methods]. Mukhammad Abdul Karim Khasan Press. 2008 (in Arabic)
26. Al'–Basiuni M. Problemy khudozhestvennogo obrazovaniya [Problems of art education]. World of Books Press, 1985 (in Arabic).
27. Al'–Khamdani, Faiez Yakub. Tsvet – eto tsivilizatsiya [Color is civilization]. Bagdad, General Culture Relations Publ., 2007 (in Arabic).
28. Halaf Abdulkadhim A. Halaf Cennostno-orientirovannoe razvitie lichnosti budushhego dizajnera v processe vosprijatija zhenskogo obraza v kul'ture Iraka. Dis. kand. ped. nauk [Value-oriented personality development of the future designer in the process of perceiving the female image in the culture of Iraq. Diss. Of Cand. Ped. Sci.]. Voronezh, 2014. 210 p. (in Russian).
29. Ivanova N.A., Al’gabal’ Ali Talib Hajun. Arabskaja kalligrafija v internacional’nom kul’turnom prostranstve [Arabic calligraphy in the international cultural space]. In: Sovremennoe kul'turno-obrazovatel'noe prostranstvo gumanitarnyh i social'nyh nauk. Materialy VIII Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii [Modern cultural and educational space of the humanities and social sciences. Materials of the 8th International Scientific Conference]. Saratov, Saratovskiy istochnik Publ., 2020:122-129 (in Russian).
30. Al'–Ameri Kamil Mustafa Kamil. Islamskie i evropeiskie traditsii v khudozhestvennom obrazovanii sovremennogo Iraka. Dis. kand. ped. nauk [Islamic and European traditions in art education in modern Iraq. Diss. Of Cand. Ped. Sci.]. Saratov, 2020:115 p. (in Russian).
31. Hamid Ajam Tahir. Pedagogicheskie uslovija razvitija tvorcheskogo voobrazhenija irakskih studentov-dizajnerov v obrazovatel'nom processe vuza. Dis. kand. ped. nauk [Pedagogical conditions for the development of creative imagination of Iraqi design students in the educational process. Diss. Of Cand. Ped. Sci.]. Elets, 2015:28 p. (in Russian).
32. Al'–Mashkhadani Khusam Khazaal Mokhammed. Prepodavanie distsiplin khudozhestvennogo tsikla v professional’nykh uchrezhdeniyakh Rossii i Iraka [Teaching artistic disciplines in professional institutions in Russia and Iraq. Master’s thesis]. Saratov, Chernyshevsky State University Publ., 2020:122 p. (in Russian).
33. Sayakhov R.L., Aminov T.M. Islamskaya pedagogika [Islamic pedagogy]. Ufa, BGPU Publ., 2019:136 p. (in Russian).
( 421.47 kB ) 
( 415.42 kB )
Выпуск: 1, 2025
Серия выпуска: Issue 1
Рубрика: PEDAGOGY
Страницы: 5 — 18
Скачиваний: 33